Fight the Bite
People who spend a great deal of time outdoors are at an increased risk of
being bitten by mosquitoes. In an effort to educate park visitors, the SD
Division of Parks and Recreation has provided the following information on
mosquitoes and West Nile Virus, and steps that you can take to protect
yourself and your family. As part of this public awareness campaign,
information will also be available at state parks and recreation areas and
posted on park bulletin boards.
This information was provided by the SD Department of Health.
For more information on mosquitoes and West Nile Virus, please visit the
SD Department of
Health's website.What is
West Nile Virus disease?
West Nile Virus disease is a mosquito-borne infection that can cause a mild
flu-like illness or severe encephalitis. Although the chances of a person
getting encephalitis are small, there are some steps people can take to
reduce the risk of being bitten by mosquitoes.
How common is West Nile Virus in
South Dakota?
West Nile Virus first showed up in South Dakota in 2002. In 2003, every
county within South Dakota reported human cases of West Nile for a total of
1,041 human cases.
How is it transmitted?
People get West Nile Virus only from the bite of mosquitoes infected with
the virus. Mosquitoes become infected if they bite a bird that carries the
virus. The most common carriers are crows, blue jays, owls magpies and
hawks. Infected mosquitoes then transmit West Nile Virus to human or to
other birds. West Nile Virus is not spread by person to person contact or
directly from birds to people.
Do all mosquitoes transmit West
Nile Virus?
No. Some mosquitoes do not transmit West Nile Virus. There have been 44
different species of mosquitoes identified in South Dakota. Of these, only
eight species were known vectors of West Nile Virus in 2003. The most common
mosquito found in South Dakota to carry the vector is Culex tarsalis.
Where do mosquitoes live and
breed?
The mosquito that commonly transmits West Nile Virus lays it eggs in
stagnant water, both in natural ground pools and in artificial containers
such as tires. The eggs become larvae that remain in the water until they
mature and fly off. Weeds, tall grass and shrubbery provide an outdoor home
for adult mosquitoes. They can also enter buildings through unscreened
windows, doors, or broken screens.
How can I protect my family and
myself?
When you are outdoors, use mosquito repellent containing DEET, according to directions. Spray repellent on both skin and clothes, but avoid applying
repellent to the hands of children, as it may irritate the eyes and mouth.
Wear light colored long-sleeve shirts and pants. Be aware that mosquitoes are most active
between dusk and dawn and when the air is calm. |
